Deionization systems typically involve a combination of cationic and anionic resins. Here are the basic principles and components of Deionization (DI) systems:
Cationic Resin Ion Exchange
In the first step, water from the source is directed to the cationic resin bed. Cationic resin is designed to capture positively charged ions. Positively charged ions such as calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), iron (Fe2+), sodium (Na+), and other cations in the water are captured by the cationic resin.
As the cationic resin captures positively charged ions from the water, sodium ions are released and exchanged with the captured ions. At this stage, the positively charged ions in the water are removed, and sodium ions take their place.
Anionic Resin Ion Exchange
The water is directed to the anionic resin bed following the cationic resin process. Anionic resin is designed to capture negatively charged ions. Negatively charged ions such as chloride (Cl-), sulfate (SO42-), carbonate (CO32-), and other anions in the water are captured by the anionic resin.
As the anionic resin captures negatively charged ions from the water, hydroxide (OH-) ions are released and exchanged with the captured ions. At this stage, the negatively charged ions in the water are removed, and hydroxide ions take their place.
Production of Pure Water
As a result of the ion exchange process, the concentration of both positive and negative ions in the water is significantly reduced or eliminated. Consequently, the water becomes pure or deionized, with few ions remaining.
This pure water is used in laboratory experiments, semiconductor manufacturing, precision industrial processes, and other applications.
Deionization systems operate to completely remove or significantly reduce ions in the water, resulting in highly pure or deionized water. These systems are commonly used when water purity is critical and unsuitable for drinking water or general use. Through the regeneration process, resins can be reusable, making deionization systems an economical solution for long-term use.
Water Treatment in Industries Requiring High-Purity Water
Water purification is critical for industries such as manufacturing and industrial facilities that demand high-purity water. Deionization systems and ion-exchange resins play a vital role in meeting this need. This article will provide detailed information about deionization systems and ion-exchange resins.
Deionization systems aim to produce high-quality pure water by removing ions and salts from water. These systems are commonly used in manufacturing processes and industrial facilities. Strong cationic and strong anionic ion exchange resins are typically employed in these systems. These resins can be used separately or as a mixed bed within the same tank.
Mixed bed deionization systems often come into play after pretreatment steps, such as reverse osmosis units or cationic-anionic deionization columns. The primary goal of these systems is to feed low-conductivity water to the mixed bed unit, allowing for less frequent regeneration of the resins. The regeneration of ion-exchange resins is achieved using acid and alkali substances. It's important to emphasize that these deionization systems may not be economical for waters with conductivity levels exceeding 1000 µs/cm. If high-conductivity waters must be converted into pure water, reverse osmosis followed by resin-based deionization systems might be more cost-effective.
Resin-based deionization systems are ideal for producing pure water with quality ranging from 0.2 to 5 µs/cm. However, if an even higher quality of purified water (<0.2 µs/cm) is required, double-pass reverse osmosis and electrodeionization (EDI) systems should be preferred.
In conclusion, deionization systems and ion exchange resins are critical for industrial applications requiring high-quality pure water. Proper design and operation of these systems are essential to ensure the effectiveness of water purification processes.
RİVATEC Deionization Systems
RİVATEC Deionization Systems offers a solution for industrial facilities and the manufacturing sector, ensuring the reliable production of high-quality pure water. By using strong cationic and anionic ion-exchange resins, we effectively remove ions and salts from your water, allowing you to obtain pure water of <0.2 µs/cm. We assist you in efficiently managing your water purification processes with specially designed and optimized deionization systems tailored to your needs. RİVATEC is a trusted partner for meeting your pure water requirements.
Water softener
In the field of water softening, "water softener?" systems are utilized to remove calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) ions present in hard water. These systems typically consist of a mixed bed of ion-exchange resins, including a combination of positively charged cationic and negatively charged anionic resins.
Water softener systems purify hard water and reduce its hardness by removing calcium and magnesium ions. Since hard water contains calcium and magnesium ions, eliminating these ions reduces the hardness of the water. Mixed bed systems and boiler feedwater preparation systems are commonly used in industrial water treatment applications.
Mixed Bed Systems
Mixed bed systems typically have two stages: the first contains a cationic resin, and the second includes an anionic resin. The cationic resin captures positive ions (e.g., Ca2+ and Mg2+), while the anionic resin captures negative ions (e.g., Cl- and SO4²-). This way, all ions in the water are removed, producing very low conductivity, i.e., softened water.
Mixed bed systems are an effective method to reduce the hardness level of water to an extremely low level, and they are preferred, especially in industrial applications requiring high-quality pure water. Maintenance and regeneration of these systems are crucial because resins become saturated over time and may require reactivation.
Mixed bed systems are water treatment systems that include a mixed bed of ion-exchange resins used to remove ions from water, reducing water hardness and conductivity. The working principle of a mixed bed system is as follows:
Mixed Bed: A mixed bed system comprises a carefully mixed bed of cationic and anionic ion-exchange resins. These resins are in granular form and are combined.
Ion Capture: When water passes through the mixed bed, the ions within it are captured by the resins. The cationic resin retains positive ions (e.g., Ca2+ and Mg2+), while the anionic resin retains negative ions (e.g., Cl- and SO4²-). These ions are adsorbed onto the resins, meaning they adhere to the surface of the resins.
Ion Exchange: When the resins capture ions, less desirable ions (e.g., H+ and OH-) are released in their place. These ions can be hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-) in the water.
Regeneration: Over time, resins become saturated and lose their ion exchange capacity. Therefore, mixed bed systems need to be regenerated after a certain period. The regeneration process involves using acid and caustic (alkaline) chemicals. These chemicals reactivate the resins and restore their ion exchange capacity.
Obtaining Pure Water: The mixed bed system removes all ions from the water after regeneration, resulting in very low conductivity (high purity) of pure water. This pure water is used in laboratory applications, electronics manufacturing, and other industrial applications requiring high precision.
Mixed bed systems effectively reduce hardness and ion concentration to nearly zero, making them ideal for many industrial and laboratory applications.
Applications
Mixed bed systems are used in various industrial and laboratory applications requiring high-purity water. Here are some areas where these systems are used:
Electronics Industry: Used in producing electronic components, integrated circuits, and semiconductor manufacturing. High-purity water is essential in these industries to enhance product quality and efficiency.
Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology: Required for pharmaceutical production and biotechnology research. Mixed bed systems meet high-purity water needs in laboratories and production facilities.
Laboratories: High-purity water is needed in various scientific research fields, including chemistry, biology, and analytical laboratories. Mixed bed systems are used to produce pure water in these laboratories.
Power Plants: Used for preparing boiler feedwater. High-purity water is crucial for steam generation and energy conversion.
Chemical Industry: Important for the production and formulation of chemical products. Mixed bed systems are utilized in this sector.
Food and Beverage Industry: Water quality affects the taste and quality of food and beverages. Mixed bed systems provide pure water in food and beverage production.
Photography and Printing Industry: Utilized for high-purity water required in photography, film, and printing processes.
Marine and Marine Applications: Used to convert seawater into fresh water and in marine water treatment systems.
Mixed bed systems offer an ideal solution for effectively removing ions and salts from water in these areas where high-purity water is required.